Antimicrobial resistance profiles of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua isolated from ready-to-eat products of animal origin in Spain

The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance in Listeria spp. isolated from food of animal origin. A total of 50 Listeria strains isolated from meat and dairy products, consisting of 7 Listeria monocytogenes and 43 Listeria innocua strains, were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility against nine antimicrobials. The strains were screened by real-time PCR for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes: Tet M, tet L, mef A, msr A, erm A, erm B, lnu A, and lnu B. Multidrug resistance was identified in 27 Listeria strains, 4 belonging to L. monocytogenes. Resistance to clindamycin was the most common resistance phenotype and was identified in 45 Listeria strains; the mechanisms of resistance are still unknown. A medium prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (15 and 9 resistant and intermediate strains) and ciprofloxacin (13 resistant strains) was also found. Tet M was detected in Listeria strains with reduced susceptibility to tetracycline, providing evidence that both L. innocua and L. monocytogenes displayed acquired resistance. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in L. innocua and L. monocytogenes indicates that these genes may be transferred to commensal and pathogenic bacteria via the food chain; besides this, antibiotic resistance in L. monocytogenes could compromise the effective treatment of listeriosis in humans

Patient-reported outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Patients’ and primary care physicians’ perspectives in the Spanish health care system

Objective: Understanding patients’ and physicians’ perceptions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management and treatment has important implications for diabetes care, allowing the identification of clinical practice issues that could be improved, leading to patients’ better understanding of the illness and, consequently, healthier self-management behaviors. The objective of this study was to identify differences between physicians’ and T2DM patients’ perceptions related to health status, patient-reported outcomes assessments, and T2DM management and treatment, in routine clinical practice in Spain. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study including 1, 012 T2DM patients and 974 physicians from 47 and 52 Spanish provinces, respectively. An electronic structured self-administered questionnaire containing 17 questions was designed aiming to address both physicians’ and patient’s perceptions on overall T2DM health status and patient-reported outcomes. Results: T2DM patients perceived a worse health status (40% reported having a “good” and 38% a “neither good nor bad” health status) compared with physicians’ perceptions (77% thought patients had a “good” health status). Most patients answered being “satisfied” or “neither satisfied nor unsatisfied” with the given information, while physicians considered that patients were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the information for self-monitoring blood glucose and treatment administration. Fifty-seven percent of patients reported that medical recommendations were “important”, while 58% of physicians considered it as “very important”. Fifty-three percent of patients perceived that their current T2DM treatment suited their preferences “quite a lot”, and this was lower than the proportion of physicians (69%) that believed this for their patients. Additionally, a lower percentage of patients (53%) than physicians (79%) believed that their treatment improved their health-related quality of life “quite a lot”. All differences between patients and physicians were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Patients and physicians demonstrate different views concerning all questions related to T2DM health status and diabetes management and treatment (information, recommendations, satisfaction, and preferences)

Treatment of Joint Cartilage Lesions with Cell Therapy

Monográfico Osteoartritis[Resumen] Las lesiones del cartílago articular que no afectan a la integridad del hueso subcondral no se reparan espontáneamente. El carácter asintomático de estas lesiones propicia la progresiva degeneración articular y el desarrollo de un proceso artrósico. Para evitar la necesidad de reemplazo protésico, se han desarrollado distintos tratamientos celulares con el objetivo de fomar un tejido de reparación con estructura, composición bioquímica y comportamiento funcional iguales que los del cartílago articular natural. Las técnicas basadas en facilitar el acceso al sistema vascular generan un tejido de reparación fibrocartilaginoso que no reúne las condiciones del cartílago articular. El implante de condrocitos autólogos y la mosaicoplastia autóloga aportan un tejido de reparación de mayor calidad, pero ambas técnicas implican la escisión de cartílago sano, bien para obtener una elevada cantidad de condrocitos, bien para extraer cilindros osteocondrales que se implantan en el defecto. Las células madre mesenquimales constituyen una prometedora herramienta de reparación del cartílago articular en fase de experimentación. Aunque las estrategias actuales de terapia celular producen mejorías clínicas y funcionales, todavía no es posible generar un tejido de reparación resistente a la degeneración y con características de cartílago articular normal.[Abstract] Articular cartilage lesions which do not affect the integrity of subchondral bone, they are not able to repair it expontaneously. The asymptomatic nature of these lesions induces articular cartilage degeneration and development of an arthrosic process. To avoid the necessity to receive joint replacement surgery, it has been developed different treatments of cellular therapy which are focused to create new tissues whose structure, biochemistry composition and function will be the same than native articular cartilage. Approaches used to access the stream produce a fibrocartilaginose tissue which is not an articular cartilage. Implantation of autologous chondrocytes and autologous mosaicplasties induces a quality better articular cartilage. Furthermore both techniques involve damage in the sane cartilage; because of trying to get a big amount of chondrocytes or because of extraction osteochondral cylinder which will be implanted in the injured joint. The stem cells are a promising toll to repair articular cartilage, however they are in a previous experimentation step yet. Although the present studies using cellular therapy improves clinically and functionally, it is not able to regenerate an articular cartilage which offer resistance the degeneration proces

Cell and Tissue Transplant Strategies for Joint Lesions

[Abstract] Articular cartilage lesions that do not disrupt the integrity of subchondral bone are not capable of spontaneous repair. The asymptomatic nature of these lesions leads to articular cartilage degeneration and development of the osteoarthritic process. To avoid joint replacement surgery, several cellular therapies have been developed. These therapies focus on the regeneration of a new tissue, whose structure, biochemistry composition and function should be the same as those of endogenous articular cartilage. Current approaches for interrupting the osteoarthritic process produce a fibrocartilaginous tissue, not articular cartilage. The implantation of autologous chondrocytes and autologous mosaicplasty induces a better quality of articular cartilage; however, both techniques damage the existing cartilage because of the need to harvest large numbers of chondrocytes or to extract an osteochondral cylinder for implantation. While stem cells are a promising tool for repairing articular cartilage, their use is in an early experimental stage at this time. Although studies of cell therapy have shown clinical and functional improvement in joints, the ability to regenerate articular cartilage that resists the degeneration process remains elusive.Xunta Galicia; PGIDIT06PXIC916175PNInstituto de Salud Carlos III; CB06/01/004

The biogeochemical context of marine planktonic ecosystems

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Factores de éxito en las empresas de la región sureste de México

El éxito de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MyPE) influye de manera positiva en la competitividad y crecimiento económico de una región, de tal manera que la presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar los factores que inciden en la permanencia de las MyPE del sector terciario en la región sureste de México; caso de estudio región de los TUXTLAS. En este artículo se detalla la metodología utilizada en la investigación utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y el tipo de estudio descriptivo, para ello se procedió a elaborar un instrumento el cual fue aplicado a los tres principales municipios que integran la región de los Tuxtlas, considerando una población de 4874 MyPE, de la cuales se determinó una muestra de 253 micro y pequeñas empresas, por lo que 65 corresponden al municipio de Catemaco, 145 a San Andrés Tuxtla, y 43 a Santiago Tuxtla. Con esta investigación se logró identificar que el control interno, las estrategias de comercialización y la planeación estratégica son aspectos claves para la permanencia de las MyPE en la región Sureste de México

Factores de éxito en las empresas de la región sureste de México

The success of micro and small enterprises (MyPE) positively influences the competitiveness and economic growth of a region, so that this research was conducted with the objective of identifying the factors that affect the permanence of the MyPE of the region. tertiary sector in the southeast region of Mexico; case study of the TUXTLAS region. This article details the methodology used in the research using a quantitative approach and the type of descriptive study, for this we proceeded to develop an instrument which was applied to the three main municipalities that make up the Tuxtlas region, considering a population of 4874 MyPE, of which a sample of 253 micro and small businesses was determined, so 65 correspond to the municipality of Catemaco, 145 to San Andrés Tuxtla, and 43 to Santiago Tuxtla. With this research, it was possible to identify that internal control, marketing strategies and strategic planning are key aspects for the permanence of the MyPE in the Southeast region of Mexico.El éxito de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MyPE) influye de manera positiva en la competitividad y crecimiento económico de una región, de tal manera que la presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar los factores que inciden en la permanencia de las MyPE del sector terciario en la región sureste de México; caso de estudio región de los TUXTLAS. &nbsp;En este artículo se detalla la metodología utilizada en la investigación utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y el tipo de estudio descriptivo, para ello se procedió a elaborar un instrumento el cual fue aplicado a los tres principales municipios que integran la región de los Tuxtlas, considerando una población de 4874 MyPE, de la cuales se determinó una muestra de 253 micro y pequeñas empresas, por lo que 65 corresponden al municipio de Catemaco, 145 a San Andrés Tuxtla, y 43 a Santiago Tuxtla. Con esta investigación se logró identificar que el control interno, las estrategias de comercialización y la planeación estratégica son aspectos claves para la permanencia de las MyPE en la región Sureste de México